Colorful History
Onna-musha
Onna-musha were formidable female warriors who fought alongside samurai and other combatants in feudal Japan, challenging the common perception that combat was solely the domain of men. Their contributions to Japanese martial history reflect strength, resilience, and an unyielding commitment to their causes.
One notable Onna-musha from the Heian period (12th century) is Tomoe Gozen, (note: Gozen was not a name but a title similar to "Lady") , a prominent ally of the Minamoto clan during the Genpei War (1180–1185). Renowned for her leadership and martial prowess, Tomoe commanded three hundred samurai at the Battle of Genpei, where she achieved a remarkable victory against a force of two thousand warriors. Her feats of strength and valor earned her a place in the epic The Tale of the Heike, which chronicles the struggle between the Taira and Minamoto clans. In the epic, she is described as a "remarkably strong archer and swordswoman, a warrior worth a thousand, ready to confront a demon or a god, whether mounted or on foot. She handled unbroken horses with superb skill, rode down perilous descents unscathed, and was always sent out as Yoshinaka's first captain." Her iconic oversized sword, sturdy armor, and a mighty bow became symbols of her indomitable spirit and martial skill.
Another celebrated Onna-musha was Hangaku Gozen, a rival of Tomoe, and an ally of the Taira clan. Renowned for her leadership, bravery, and strategic mind, Hangaku led samurai into battle wielding the naginata (polearm) and was also a distinguished archer. Her fierce determination and tactical intelligence made her a respected figure in her own right.
The legacy of Onna-musha reminds us that strength, resilience, and tactical mastery are not bound by gender. Figures like Tomoe Gozen and Hangaku Gozen embodied these virtues, showing that warriors come in many forms and from diverse backgrounds.
Their stories continue to inspire modern practitioners of Santō Ichi-ryū ©, LLC, motivating us to approach our martial arts practice with the same determination and discipline. By honoring the teachings of the past, we cultivate these timeless virtues in our own training, ensuring that the influence of the Onna-musha lives on in each of us.
Non-native retainers
During the 10th to 19th centuries, it may be surprising to learn that non-native individuals served as retainers or samurai under various daimyo and shogun, despite Japan's geographic location. These foreign-born warriors played crucial roles in military and administrative services, proving that the path of the warrior was open to all who demonstrated courage and dedication, regardless of their origin.
Non-native retainers came from diverse regions, including China, Korea, Africa, and Europe. One famous figure is Yasuke, a retainer of Oda Nobunaga. Yasuke, believed to be of African origin likely from Mozambique, though other possibilities include Ethiopia or Sudan, was brought to Japan by Jesuit missionaries. He became an important part of Nobunaga's household, serving as the Weapons Bearer, a key role responsible for safeguarding and managing Nobunaga’s weaponry.
Yasuke's involvement in defending Nobunaga during the Battle of Tenmokuzan in 1582 solidified his reputation as a courageous and loyal warrior. His tale is not just about his role in military conflicts but also about the universal values of dedication, discipline, and loyalty that transcend borders and cultures.
The values and principles Yasuke exemplified are honored within the traditions of Santō Ichi-ryū ©, LLC.
Yamabushi
Yamabushi are Japanese ascetic hermits who blend Shinto, Taoist, and Buddhist practices. Living in the mountains, they embrace a rigorous lifestyle focused on spiritual growth through severe physical and mental disciplines. Yamabushi are often recognized by their distinctive white robes, head coverings, and conch shells, which serve both ritualistic purposes and long-distance communication.
Although primarily known as spiritual practitioners, some Yamabushi also played a significant role as warrior monks, or sōhei, in medieval Japan. While their core mission was spiritual, they became involved in military conflicts, utilizing their deep knowledge of the mountainous terrain and employing guerrilla tactics. Their blending of spiritual practices with martial prowess was emblematic of their ability to adapt to the times.
One of the most famous figures associated with the Yamabushi tradition is Saitō Musashibō Benkei (1155-1189), a legendary warrior monk who served under the famous samurai Minamoto no Yoshitsune. Known for his immense strength and unwavering loyalty, Benkei played a crucial role during the siege of Hiraizumi, where his efforts delayed the attacking forces and helped protect his lord.
While Yamabushi remain active today, their role and practices have evolved with time. Their modern presence continues to contribute to Japan’s spiritual and cultural landscape, highlighting the enduring resilience and adaptability of their ancient traditions. In the contemporary era, Yamabushi practices are increasingly seen as a means of addressing spiritual and psychological needs, blending age-old methods with the challenges of modern life.